Do GMOs cause cancer?
2 minute read | Published May 01, 2025
Medically Reviewed | Last reviewed by Erma Levy on May 01, 2025
If you munch on corn for dinner, cook with canola oil or eat cereal for breakfast, chances are you’re taking in a genetically modified organism (GMO).
To some degree, almost everything is genetically modified. Here, I’ll discuss some of the most common GMOs and whether they pose any potential health risks.
What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
GMOs, also known as genetically modified (GM) foods, are plants or animals created by inserting genes from one species into another. Known as genetic engineering, it’s a type of biotechnology often done in a laboratory. The foods are often referred to as ‘bioengineered.’
Scientists modify organisms to enhance certain desired traits. For example, they may make plants more resistant to pesticides, weed killers or disease. They can also make plants hardier, so they’ll survive during cold weather or drought.
Do GMOs pose health risks?
Some people believe that altering the DNA of a plant or animal has a significant effect on a person’s chances of developing cancer. But currently, there is no evidence showing that GMOs increase cancer risk.
If you are concerned, here are some ways to curb your intake of GM foods.
Know the most commonly modified crops.
Soybeans, corn, cotton (for oil), canola (for oil) and potatoes are all popular GMOs. The Department of Agriculture lists other bioengineered foods here.
Buy organic foods.
Organic foods are grown from non-GMO seeds.
Buy meat that was grass-fed or pasture-fed.
Check that your meat is from animals that are grass-fed or pasture-fed. These animals are given non-GMO feed.
Read the labels.
The top two genetically modified crops are corn and soy. They’re also the most widely used ingredients. Limit products that contain ingredients like corn syrup and soy lecithin.
Buy brands labeled non-GM or GMO-free.
Some products are labeled as non-GM or GMO-free. This means they do not use genetically modified ingredients.
Shop at local farmers' markets.
Most GM foods come from large industrial farms. Shop at local farmers' markets or sign up for a food co-op.
Eat a healthy diet to reduce cancer risk
Sticking with a healthy diet that includes vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans outweighs any GMO health concerns. We know that eating a healthy diet can reduce your risk of getting cancer.
You may have to explore the health food section of your grocery store to find the products that are right for you. The key is to buy products that help you maintain variety in your diet and excite you about eating healthy.
Erma Levy is a senior research dietitian at MD Anderson.
Request an appointment at MD Anderson online or call 1-866-389-0696.
