With a family history of prostate cancer, Keith Burchfield did not wait to talk to his doctor about the risks and benefits of early prostate cancer screening.

At his yearly exam, his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels had significantly changed since the previous year. There was a 50% chance that he had early-stage prostate cancer. PSA levels show up through a blood test that measures the amount of PSA circulating in the blood...