Vaginal Cancer Diagnosis

The experts at MD Anderson use the most advanced technology and techniques to pinpoint vaginal cancer. They specialize in diagnosing vaginal cancer, and they have a high degree of expertise and skill.

Vaginal cancer diagnostic tests

If you have symptoms that may signal vaginal cancer, your doctor will examine you and ask you questions about your health; your lifestyle, including smoking and drinking habits; and your family history.

One or more of the following tests may be used to find out if you have vaginal cancer and if it has spread. These tests also may be used to find out if treatment is working.

Biopsy

A biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose vaginal cancer. A small piece of tissue is removed, and then it is looked at under a microscope. Your doctor may use a colposcope, which is like binoculars with magnifying lenses, to magnify the area and make it easier to remove the tissue. 

Imaging exams

Imaging exams are used to look for cancer inside the body. They can help locate tumors and track how the body responds to treatment. There are many types of imaging exams. The ones used for vaginal cancer include:

• CT or CAT (computed axial tomography) scans
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans
• PET (positron emission tomography) scans
• Chest X-ray

Endoscopic tests

• Proctosigmoidoscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the rectum to look at the rectum and colon. Biopsies can be done during the procedure.
• Cystoscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. Biopsies can be done during the procedure.