Stomach Cancer Symptoms
Early stage stomach cancer often does not have symptoms. When signs do appear, they may be mistaken for less serious problems such as indigestion or heartburn. This means stomach cancer is often not found until its advanced stages.
Symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Loss of appetite
- Heartburn, indigestion or ulcer-type symptoms
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Feeling of fullness after eating small amounts of food
- Bloody or black stools
- Fatigue
- Unintentional weight loss
These symptoms do not always mean you have stomach cancer. However, if you notice any of them for more than two weeks, talk to your doctor. Even if they are not signs of cancer, they may signal other health problems.
Behavioral and lifestyle changes can help prevent stomach cancer. Visit our prevention and screening section to learn how to manage your risk.
In rare cases, stomach cancer can be passed down from one generation to the next. Genetic counseling may be right for you. Visit our genetic testing page to learn more.
Abdominal pain, heartburn and fatigue can sometimes be symptoms of stomach cancer. But they can also be the result of overeating, untreated acid reflux or insomnia.
So, how do you know which category your symptoms fall into and when to see a doctor?
“Most stomach cancers don’t cause any symptoms until they’re more advanced, and they can mimic indigestion or reflux,” says Paul Mansfield, M.D., a surgical oncologist who specializes in stomach cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers. “So, it’s easy to dismiss the signs of stomach cancer as having overeaten or eaten the wrong foods or putting on too much weight. However, anything that changes and persists is usually something to get checked out, especially if it lasts for more than two or three weeks.”
Here’s how six of our patients knew they had stomach cancer, in their own words.
Abdominal pain
“I started having a burning, gnawing pain in the center of my stomach,” says Janine Somma, a stay-at-home mom from New York who was only 28 when she was diagnosed with early-stage stomach cancer. “I went to my GI doctor, but he brushed it off as acid reflux and prescribed an antacid.”
“I had some really weird abdominal pains that stretched up and across my chest,” adds Erica Hunkin, a psychiatric nurse practitioner from Georgia who was 35 when she was diagnosed with stage I stomach cancer. “I thought it was heart-related, but a stress test and EKG didn’t find anything.”
Heartburn and indigestion
“I started getting really bad heartburn after eating almost anything,” recalls Craig Galati, an architect from Nevada who was 62 when he was diagnosed with stage III stomach cancer. “That was really surprising because I don’t usually have heartburn. Sometimes, I’d also develop this really weird hiccup when I’d eat too much or too quickly. It turned out I had a golf-ball-sized tumor at the very top of my stomach, right near the flap.”
Fatigue
“I was under a lot of stress right before I was diagnosed,” remembers Sylvia Coe, a retired art gallery director in Florida who was 54 at the time. “So, I attributed my fatigue, shortness of breath and dizziness to that. But when I walked into a restaurant for brunch on Easter Sunday and swooned, I knew something was wrong. It turned out to be a tumor that was bleeding heavily.”
“Fatigue is what finally drove me to the doctor,” adds Ralph Lilja, a rancher and realtor from Kansas who was 57 when he was diagnosed with stage IV stomach cancer. “It got to where I couldn’t hardly go up the stairs. My local physician discovered I was anemic due to blood loss from the tumor. Once he started giving me transfusions, I felt better.”
Unusual hunger pangs
“I remember trying to catch some sleep between my shifts at the hospital and feeling hungry, even though I knew I shouldn’t be,” says Joe Einspahr, M.D., a hospitalist from Nebraska who was 55 when he was diagnosed with stage II stomach cancer. “I’d only notice it during those quiet times, but it was a nagging sensation, just a gnawing hunger, and eating never seemed to impact it.”
Watch for these red-flag stomach cancer symptoms
Other stomach cancer symptoms include unintentional weight loss, feeling full quickly, and losing your appetite. But if you experience any of the following, seek medical attention right away.
- Vomiting blood: Any amount is considered too much.
- Bloody stools: These are often described as looking black or tarry and smelling like steel or metal.
- Severe abdominal pain: Anything you might rank as an “8,” “9” or higher on a scale of 1 to 10 is considered severe.
“Throwing up can also be a sign of an obstruction or blockage, which is usually associated with advanced disease,” notes Mansfield. “So, if you can’t keep anything down or you vomit and see something you ate three days ago, go to the emergency room immediately.”
The key to early detection: listening to your body
Most patients Mansfield sees in his practice don’t have any symptoms of stomach cancer. That’s because they usually come to him only for risk-reducing stomach surgery after having learned they carry the CDH1 genetic mutation.
“But a big part of early detection is just listening to your body,” he notes. “Some people will have symptoms and ignore them. Others are very in tune with themselves and seek help right away at the first signs of trouble. A study out of England showed that just being curious and checking out patients with an endoscopic exam the first time they have symptoms can significantly increase the percentage of patients found with early gastric cancer.”
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